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Global Climate Change Digest
A Guide to Information on Greenhouse Gases and Ozone Depletion
Published July 1988 through June 1999

FROM VOLUME 10, NUMBER 7, JULY 1997

PROFESSIONAL PUBLICATIONS...
OZONE DEPLETION: IMPACTS OF UV

Item #d97jul47

"Ultraviolet Radiation-Induced Modulation: Potential Consequences for Infectious, Allergic and Autoimmune Disease," M.J.K. Selgrade (Natl. Health & Environ. Effects Lab., US-EPA, Res. Triangle Pk. NC 27711), M.H. Repacholi, H.S. Koren, Environ. Health Perspectives, 105(3), 332-334, Mar. 1997.

Report of a workshop (Chapel Hill, North Carolina, Dec. 1995) jointly sponsored by the U.S. EPA and the World Health Organization, intended to recommend and prioritize specific research projects for which WHO should actively seek funding.

Item #d97jul48

"UV-B Screening by Tropospheric Ozone: Implications for the National Ambient Air Quality Standard," R. Lutter (U.S. Office of Mgmt. & Budget, Washington DC 20503), C. Wolz, Environ. Sci. & Technol., 31(3), 142-146, Mar. 1997.

Tropospheric ozone reduces human exposure to harmful UV-B radiation. This preliminary analysis suggests that if ozone levels are reduced, the value of increased UV-B related health effects such as cancers and cataracts may be similar in magnitude to the value of decreased respiratory health effects. In its ongoing review of the National Ambient Air Quality Standard for ozone, the U.S. EPA should take account of the beneficial screening provided by tropospheric ozone.

Item #d97jul49

"Impacts of Solar UVR on Aquatic Microorganisms," C.R. Booth, J.H. Morrow et al., Photochem. & Photobiol., 65(2), 252-269, Feb. 1997. Correspondence to: K. Smythe, Science & Policy Services, 1333 H St. NW, 100 W. Tower, Washington DC 20002.

This invited review has separate contributions from 13 authors, on topics ranging from the climatology of UV at the Earth's surface, to its penetration into natural waters, to specific effects and mechanisms of action. Concludes with eight detailed summary statements.

Item #d97jul50

"Solar UVB-Induced DNA Damage and Photoenzymatic DNA Repair in Antarctic Zooplankton," K.D. Malloy (Dept. Biol., Northeastern Univ., Boston MA 02115), M.A. Holman et al., Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci., 94(4), 1258-1263, Feb. 1997.

Presents the first direct evidence that increased solar UV-B may result in damage to organisms other than primary producers in the Antarctic marine ecosystem. Also found that the extent of DNA damage in pelagic icefish eggs correlated with daily incident UV-B irradiance.

Item #d97jul51

"Effect of Stratospheric Ozone Variations on UV Radiation and on Tropospheric Ozone at High Latitudes," P. Taalas (Finnish Meteor. Inst., POB 503, Helsinki 00101, Finland; e-mail: petteri.taalas@fmi.fi), J. Damski et al., J. Geophys. Res., 102(D1), 1533-1539, Jan. 20, 1997.

Because stratospheric ozone controls the flux of UV-B reaching the troposphere, it may influence the level of tropospheric ozone through the latter's dependence on UV flux. Observations made in Antarctica and Finland show a pronounced impact: an ozone deviation of -12.8% from the 1988 to 1994 means in the 6- to 8-km layer has been observed in Antarctica during the months with stratospheric ozone loss (-10% in the Arctic).`

Item #d97jul52

"Effects of UV on HIV and Other Infections. Introduction," J.Z. Beer (Ctr. for Devices & Radiological Health, FDA, HFZ-114, Rockville MD 20857; e-mail: jzb@fdadr.crdh.fda.gov), B.Z. Zmudzka, Guest Editors, Photochem. & Photobiol., 64(2), 231-233, Aug. 1996.

This paper introduces a "Symposium-in-Print" which contains 10 other papers on the topic (none of which however emphasize ozone depletion explicitly).